Key elements include technological, economic, and regulatory requirements. For example, European research and development (R&D) capabilities should create a solid knowledge base in critical technologies. Leadership in developing key enabling technologies (KETs) and the ability to transform R&D results into market products can also contribute to Europe's economic strengthening. In addition, regulatory requirements, such as developing guidelines and standards that bring European values into global regulation and standardization, can help strengthen competitiveness.

In addition to the key elements, the study analyzes six key enabling technologies (KETs) for Europe. These include advanced manufacturing, advanced (nano)materials, life-science technologies, micro/nano-electronics and photonics, artificial intelligence, and security and connectivity technologies.

The analysis shows that despite significant efforts, Europe cannot keep up with China and the United States of America in developing key technologies. There is often a lack of sufficient R&D funding here, especially in the private sector. A lack of qualified technical skills and leading industrial companies is also noticeable. Despite good ideas and companies, Europe is losing out to non-European competitors. In order to counter this trend, various recommendations for action have been developed and prepared.

As part of the study, Fraunhofer FOKUS took an in-depth look at the six key technologies that are central to Europe's technological sovereignty: For each of the key technologies presented, a definition was developed, their main applications described, and their importance and potential for Europe analyzed in terms of technological sovereignty and social and economic impact. In this context, the main challenges and requirements along the technological value chain were also identified.