Mr. Hauswirth, when it comes to quantum computing, the conversation usually centers on new generations of hardware and qubit counts. Does this discussion fall short?

Yes, in my view, it falls short. Powerful quantum hardware is, of course, a prerequisite for the success of quantum computing. The crucial question, however, is: How do we move from technological breakthroughs to usable applications? A look at the history of computer science shows that technical revolutions rarely arise from hardware alone. Programming languages, operating systems, development environments, and open interfaces first made computers accessible for widespread use. We’re seeing a similar development today in quantum computing.

Why is software so crucial to the success of quantum computing?

Software plays a central role because the competitiveness of future quantum ecosystems will not depend solely on who builds the most powerful systems. Equally important is who, for example, creates the best development tools, builds the most open ecosystems, and lowers barriers for users. Companies and non-university research institutions need tools that let them develop quantum applications without committing to specific hardware platforms early on. Software stacks, programming languages, and interoperable development environments are essential.

What opportunities does this present for Germany and Europe?

Europe has a strong research landscape and capable industrial partners. To turn this into long-term competitive advantages, we need to translate research findings into practical applications. Germany’s High-Tech Agenda should not only expand quantum hardware but also support the development of powerful software stacks and industrial applications. Only the interplay of both levels will enable the establishment of sustainable quantum ecosystems for the economy.

How does Fraunhofer FOKUS contribute its expertise to quantum computing?

At Fraunhofer FOKUS, we are intensively engaged with programming languages, development environments, and reliable, interoperable software components for quantum computing. A current example is our European project »Q-VERSE.« The goal is to build an open quantum software stack that facilitates the development and use of quantum applications and strengthens Europe’s technological sovereignty.

Eclipse Qrisp underpins this. What is behind it?

Eclipse Qrisp is an open-source initiative for quantum application development launched by Fraunhofer FOKUS. The idea is to enable the development of quantum programs that are as independent as possible from individual platforms, thereby improving interoperability between different technologies. In addition, through the Eclipse Qrisp community, we foster exchange among researchers, developers, and users. Such communities are extremely important because true innovations rarely arise in isolation.

What does the recently announced integration of Eclipse Qrisp with NVIDIA CUDA-Q mean in practice?

It clearly demonstrates the added value that open software components can provide. Open standards and interoperable tools enable integration across technologies and reduce dependence on individual vendors. Especially in quantum computing, where hardware and software landscapes are still evolving dynamically, this openness is a key success factor. It gives developers flexibility and helps translate research results into real-world applications.

Last week, Eclipse Qrisp was honored with the 2026 Quantum Effects Award. What does this award mean to you?

We are very pleased about this recognition. The Quantum Effects Award validates our team’s work and demonstrates that open-source software approaches are increasingly seen as key to the further development of quantum computing. For me, the award is above all a sign that powerful development tools, open ecosystems, and strong communities will be just as important in the future as advances in hardware. They are an essential prerequisite for quantum computing to leap from research to widespread application while strengthening Europe’s digital sovereignty.