Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems
Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems

Open Source Software

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Open source software (OSS) is software whose source code is publicly available. It is an essential element of stable, secure, and future-proof IT infrastructures. An increasing number of companies and government agencies are taking advantage of open source, and public funding programs are adopting the principle of “public money, public code.”

Terms such as FOSS (free and open source software) and FLOSS (free/libre and open source software) further emphasize the free use of open source software. Anyone can use, modify, and process this software within the limits of the respective open-source license.

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Advantages of open source software 

  • Transparency: The open source code makes it possible to identify and fix security vulnerabilities.
  • Innovation and collaboration: Companies, public institutions, and private individuals benefit from direct community exchanges and can develop solutions together.
  • Counteracting the shortage of skilled workers: Openness and community participation enable the sharing of knowledge and resources.
  • Digital sovereignty: OSS strengthens independence from individual providers and enables control over one's own data and technologies – an essential goal for companies, administrations, and societies.
  • Cost efficiency and reusability: Applications can be reused and further developed, saving time and money while accelerating digital transformation.

Our services

Consulting & Strategy

Fraunhofer FOKUS supports companies, public institutions, and local authorities in developing and implementing customized open-source strategies:

  • Analysis of the status quo and identification of potential for the use of open-source software (OSS)
  • Development of individual open source roadmaps and recommendations for action
  • Support in selecting license models and addressing compliance issues
  • Support in selecting suitable business models and integrating OSS into existing processes
  • Support in developing open source policies and governance structures

Development & Maintenance

FOKUS handles the technical implementation and support of open source projects:

  • Development of new open-source solutions and reference implementations
  • Maintenance and further development of existing OSS projects
  • Establishment and moderation of open source communities to promote sustainable collaboration
  • Ensuring the quality, security, and sustainability of the software
  • Supporting the onboarding of new community members

Tools & Methods

Fraunhofer FOKUS provides innovative tools and methods for collaborative software development:

  • Introduction and training in modern development practices (e.g., continuous integration/continuous deployment, code reviews)
  • Development and provision of best practice toolchains for various application areas
  • Support in selecting and integrating open-source tools into existing IT landscapes

Internationality & Fields of Application

Fraunhofer FOKUS operates within international networks and promotes cooperation across national and sectoral boundaries:

  • Participation in international open-source initiatives and standardization bodies
  • Establishment and maintenance of multi-stakeholder communities (industry, research, and administration).
  • Development of solutions geared toward international requirements and interoperability
  • Support in scaling open-source projects at the European and global levels

Best practices

FOKUS collects, documents, and communicates proven methods for successfully using open source:

  • Creation of guidelines, checklists, and handouts for various target groups (e.g., companies and municipalities)
  • Conducting workshops, training courses, and seminars on open-source topics
  • Consulting on sustainable community management and open source project planning
  • Exchange of experiences and lessons learned from our own and international projects
  • Engagement in international open source communities
  • Development of reference implementations for innovative technologies

References

Open source solutions by Fraunhofer FOKUS

FAQ

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  • Open source refers to software with publicly available source code that can be used, modified, and redistributed under an open source license. The terms “free and open source software” (FOSS) and “free/libre and open source software” (FLOSS) further emphasize freedom and openness. “Libre” particularly refers to free use, though it does not mean “free of charge.”

    Commercial use of open-source software is possible if it complies with the license terms.

  • The choice of license significantly influences how the software can be used and developed. There are two main types of licenses: permissive and copyleft. Permissive licenses (e.g., MIT and Apache 2.0) allow for extensive usage. Copyleft licenses (e.g., GPL) define whether and to what extent the software and its derivatives remain open source.

    • Strict copyleft: Derivative works must be published under the same license.
    • Limited copyleft: Copyleft only applies to certain parts, and combination with proprietary code is possible.
    • No copyleft: Maximum freedom; integration of proprietary software is also permitted.

  • Open source solutions are often monetized through support and service contracts, training, and consulting services. Common models include open-core and dual-licensing, where basic functions are free and advanced enterprise features or alternative licenses can be purchased. Other models include hosted offerings (SaaS), long-term support editions, and premium extensions. Additionally, donations, grants, and strategic partner programs can strengthen financing and increase the solution's reach.

    Fraunhofer FOKUS offers services in the following areas:

    • Support model: Revenue from services and support related to open-source software (OSS).
    • Open Core: The basic version is open; additional functions are subject to a fee.
    • Cloud solutions: OSS serves as the basis for hosted services.

    Contact us to find the right model for your needs.

    • Introduction and conversion: Open source software may require significant training within companies. Therefore, sufficient time and budget should be allocated for training, migration, and interface adaptation.
    • Integration and compatibility: When using existing OS solutions, it is crucial to configure and deploy the software so that the source code can be used in the desired context. Check system compatibility with existing software at an early stage to identify integration risks.
    • Licensing and legal issues: License terms are often complex, yet adherence to them is essential. To avoid losing the right to use the software, potential license conflicts must be carefully examined.
    • Security and quality: Disclosing source code makes regular updates, code reviews, and security reviews crucial for securely using OSS. High-quality, secure software can positively impact the reputation of a project or company.
    • Operation and maintenance: Open source solutions depend on the commitment of the community. Therefore, the ongoing costs of comprehensive documentation and long-term maintenance should be considered.