Publikationen 2011

Contents Summary .......................................................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 2 Cloud Definitions and Architectures ....................................................................... 2 2.1 NIST Basic Definitions of Cloud Computing ........................................................ 2 2.2

Future mobile networks are expected to be complex heterogeneous systems. On the one hand this will enable users to take advantage of a number of different access technologies. On the other hand it will seriously affect network management procedures since more extensive operations and decisions will have to be dealt with. To tackle these challenges a number of new dynamic mechanisms need to be designed. It is imperative that certain network management tasks have to be performed without human intervention to reduce the OPEX costs and achieve faster responses in different events. To achieve this goal, the introduction of self-x functionalities, combined with cognitive mechanisms and the ability to reconfigure network entities and terminals, is required. Moreover, the introduction of a new pilot channel needs to be considered to assist the terminals in selecting the most suitable radio access technology according to their requirements. We present the functional architecture of an evolved network that was designed in the context of the EU-funded IP project âE3: End-to-End Efficiencyâ. This architecture aims to enhance existing procedures usually performed in traditional operation and maintenance systems (e.g. spectrum management, network planning, configuration actions). We explain the rationale of our design and provide specific examples to illustrate the role of the different functional entities and their interfaces. A considerable part of this architecture has recently been approved as a feasibility study by the ETSI Committee Reconfigurable Radio System.

The objective of this paper is to analyze economic efficiency considerations of standards competition, in order to thereby enrich the discussion about the transfer of the ECMA-376-1 (Office Open XML OOXML) standard into the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 standard parallel to the already existing ISO/IEC 26300:2006 (Open Document Format for Office Applications ODF) standard. Based on the available economic literature we identify parameters that need to be considered in the decision for or against a competition between competing standards. The characteristics in the specific case of competition between the ODF and the OOOXML standard clearly justify the decision for two documents standards.

Durch einen effizienten Datenaustausch mit der Verwaltung können Unternehmen von kostspieligen Informations- und Meldepflichten entlastet werden. Wie dieser gelingen kann, zeigt das von einem interdisziplinären Projekt-Team entwickelte P23R-Prinzip.

This paper investigates the application of the Delphi methodology for the identification of future fields of standardisation complemented by a methodological extension by using various science and technology indicators. By the term standardisation, we broadly mean the process of developing and implementing technical standards within a standardisation body. Underlining the explorative nature of this paper, we describe the process of identifying future fields of standardisation. To provide a systematic forecasting view on complex science and technology fields, a combination of quantitative indicator-based analyses and qualitative in-depth Delphi surveys is choosen. Firstly, statistical analyses of suitable indicators are used to identify dynamic developments in such fields. Secondly, to identify detailed challenges for future standardisation, qualitative Delphi surveys are conducted. To collect and evaluate relevant issues the respective expert communities were included. They were identified by using information derived from the science and technology databases used. The paper concludes with the assessment of the chosen approach and give practical insights for its feasibility based on a review of the existing literature on the Delphi methodology. In addition, an outlook for further improvements and other possible fields of application is given.

The paper describes a methodology for standardisation foresight developed for the German Institute for Standardisation (DIN), to systematically identify innovative standardisation topics by involving the science and research community. Up to date, formal standardisation bodies have not undertaken systematic efforts to conduct these kinds of forecasting studies. This approach identifies future standardisation aspects in dynamic, innovative fields of technology by combining a computerised quantitative analysis of science and technology indicators (e.g., patent applications, scientific publications, etc.) and Delphi-based surveys. We first describe the function and economic effects of standards in the innovative process. Then, we introduce an indicator module to identify future fields of standardisation and combine this qualitative analysis with an online Delphi survey. To illustrate the general methodological approach, we exemplarily display major results on nanotechnology. We conclude by assessing the application of our standard foresight approach and its extensibility towards computer-aided information retrieval.

Der Beitrag reflektiert die Einführung und Etablierung eines unabhängigen Qualitätsmanagements im Projekt "P23R | Prozess-Daten-Beschleuniger" im Rahmen des IT-Investitionsprogramms der Bundesregierung.

Future processing, storage and communication services will be highly pervasive: people, smart objects, machines and the surrounding space (all embedding devices such as with sensors, RFID tags etc.) will define a highly decentralized cyber environment of resources interconnected by dynamic networks of networks. As communications will extend to cover any combination of \\\people, machines and things\\\, future networks will be increasingly complex and heterogeneous, yet always endorsed with the challenging task of ensuring end-to-end QoS. This paper proposes the groundwork for an advanced cognitive networking paradigm exploitable in future wired and wireless infrastructures: a decentralized cognitive plane to allow for cross-layer, cross-node and cross-network domain self-management, self-control and self-optimization, while being compatible with legacy management and control systems.

The Carneades software system provides support for constructing, evaluating and visualizing arguments, using formal representations of facts, concepts, defeasible rules and argumentation schemes. This paper illustrates features of Carneades with a prototype legal application for analyzing open source software license compatibility issues in particular cases. The Carneades system provides a unique combination of features that make to our knowledge applications of this kind possible for the first time.

The Carneades software system provides support for constructing, evaluating and visualizing arguments, using formal representations of facts, concepts, defeasible rules and argumentation schemes. This paper illustrates how rules and ontologies can be combined in Carneades with a prototype legal application for analyzing open source software license compatibility issues in particular cases.

This paper examines the impact of essential patents on standardization. In particular, we analyze the influence of patents on the rate of standard replacement. We investigate whether essential patents contribute to a "lock in" of outdated standards, or rather encourage investment and increase the pace of standardization. Building upon a comprehensive dataset of over 6.000 different standards and nearly 20.000 standard versions in the field of ICT, we evidence essential patents to reduce the likelihood of standard replacement in early stages. This effect takes place in the first three years after the standard is issued. On the other hand, declarations of essential patents increase the likelihood of version replacement. We argue that these version upgrades do not entail replacement of standard components. The effect on versions reflects an increase in the firms' investment in standardization, while the reduced rate of standard replacement in early years reflects a stabili zingeffect of patents on standardization.

In complex technologies, IPR is owned among several firms and technical innovation often overlaps. In situations of divided technical leadership cooperative activities are crucial to influence technology adoption. Standardization is a process to commonly agree on a technology. This article investigates the patent declaration behavior of 250 companies which participate in international standard bodies. Over 60,000 patent declarations were analyzed on a firm level basis to show how cooperative activities influence the inclusion of patents in technology standards. Our empirical results show that the involvement in related standards consortia as well as being a member in patent pools favors patent declaration. While the pool variable rather controls for the default mechanism that firms can only join pools when they declare essential IPR, our empirical analysis is able to isolate the positive consortia effect by controlling for a wide range of firm and standard characteristi cs. Weapply panel analysis and find evidence for a positive dynamic effect of entering a standards consortium. We also find significant results for exogenous membership changes in standards consortia. Our findings proof that firms which participate in standards consortia increase their negotiation power in technology selection processes and are thus able to introduce more patents into standards.

This paper presents a formal model that enables us to define five distinct types of burden of proof in legal argumentation. Four standards of proof are shown to play a vital role in defining each type of burden. These standards of proof are defined in a precise way suitable for computing in argumentation studies generally, but are based on a long tradition of their use in law. The paper presents a computational model based on these notions that represents a dialectical process that goes from initial claims where issues to be decided are set, and produces a justification for arriving at a decision for one side or the other that can withstand a critical evaluation by a particular audience. The role of the audience can be played by the respondent in some instances, or by a neutral third party audience, depending on the type of dialogue. The paper builds on previous work (Gordon, Prakken and Walton, 2007; Gordon and Walton, 2009) that has applied the Carneades model to studying burden of proof in legal argumentation.

The European Commission (EC) has launched an initiative to re-formulate their (ICT) standardisation policy. This paper first briefly discusses the current situation in the field of ICT standardisation in Europe. It then takes a closer look at the EC's initiative and its outcome so far, specifically on the recently published White Paper and the comments on it, made by various stakeholders. Subsequently, the latest Communication from the Commission is discussed. Some still open questions are finally discussed. It turns out that the situation is improving, but that many open issue still need to be resolved.

In this paper we present an overview of the policy modeling tool of the argumentation toolbox being developed in the European IMPACT project. The tool is a web version of the Carneades argumentation system extended with support for comparing policy alternatives in deliberative democracy application scenarios. The tool can be also be used as a legal expert system shell, for example in applications for helping citizens to assess their rights to social benefits, in much the same way as some commercial rule-based systems, but goes further towards realizing the vision of isomorphic modeling by being based on the state-of-the-art in Artificial Intelligence and Law and Computational Models of Argument fields.

The European Commission has launched an initiative to re-formulate their ICT standardisation policy. This paper discusses the developments in the field of ICT standardisation policy in Europe. It takes a closer look t some of the most important outcomes so far, including the recently published White Paper, the comments on it, and the resulting Communication from the Commission. It also makes some briefly suggestions on how to proceed.

Vorträge/Präsentationen zu aktueller Forschung des Fachgebiets, Vorstellung laufender Dissertationsvorhaben und Forschgungsprojekte, Diskussion und Erarbeitung von Forschungsansätzen, insbesondere für Diplomanden und Doktoranden.

Vorträge/Präsentationen zu aktueller Forschung des Fachgebiets, Vorstellung laufender Dissertationsvorhaben und Forschgungsprojekte, Diskussion und Erarbeitung von Forschungsansätzen, insbesondere für Diplomanden und Doktoranden.

Ziel der Veranstaltung ist es zunächst verschiedenen Innovationstypen und Innovationsphasen zu vermitteln und dabei auch auf die Methoden der empirischen Innovationsforschung (z.B. die Verwendung von Innovationsindikatoren) abzuheben. In einem zweiten Abschnitt werden die verschiedenen innovationsökonomischen, unter anderem neoklassischen, evolutorischen und historisch-institutionellen Theorienansätze vermittelt. Ein dritter Teil der Veranstaltung behandelt regional-, industrie- und makroökonomische Effekte durch Innovationsaktivitäten.

Vorträge und Präsentationen zu relevanten Themenfelder der Innovationspoltik: Entwicklung und Ökonomie der Technologie- und Forschungspolitik auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene; Evaluation der Innovationspolitik (Best Governance des Innovationssystems); Einführung in die empirische Innovationsforschung; Externe Gasvorträge von Trägern der nationalen und europäischen Innovationspolitik zu aktuellen innovationspolitischen Maßnahmen; Präsentationsleistungen und Diskussionen durch Teilnehmer

The lecture introduces standardization as a strategic tool in the economy and society, e.g. reducing barriers to trade, for the marketability of innovations and relieving governmental regulation. The relationship between standards and patents and the strategic options for their application are explained. Business and economic benefits of standardization are described and explained using a variety of examples.

Im Rahmen der Veranstaltung wird Normung als ein strategisches Instrument in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft vorgestellt, z.B. zum Abbau von Handelshemmnissen, für die Marktfähigkeit von Innovationen und zur Entlastung der staatlichen Regulierung. Der Zusammenhang von Normen und Patenten wird erläutert und die strategischen Optionen zum Einsatz dieser beiden Instrumente des Technologietransfers. Der betriebsund volkswirtschaftliche Nutzen der Normung wird beschrieben und anhand zahlreicher Beispiele erläutert.